ABSTRACT
Objetivos: Estudiar el conocimiento, implementación y opinión sobre el consentimiento informado de las enfermeras generalistas, especialistas y residentes de atención primaria. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo transversal a través de un cuestionario ad hoc autoadministrado online. Emplazamiento: Enfermeras de atención primaria de Madrid, de noviembre de 2020 a marzo de 2021. Participantes: Muestra de 114 enfermeras: 91 generalistas, 20 especialistas y 3 residentes. Mediciones principales: Sociodemográficas, conocimientos, implementación y opinión. Resultados: La tasa de respuesta fue del 27,7%. El 48,2% señalaron que el consentimiento informado se recogía de forma verbal por regla general, tal y como establece la ley, con diferencias entre las categorías; este porcentaje fue mayor en las especialistas y residentes (p=0,004) y, dentro de las especialistas, en aquellas que han obtenido la especialidad por vía enfermera interna residente (EIR) (p<0,0001). Además, especialistas y residentes fueron quienes más identificaron la norma jurídica que regula el consentimiento informado (p<0,0001). En cuanto a la implementación y la opinión, todos los grupos obtuvieron resultados similares. Discusión: No existen estudios previos que hayan analizado estos aspectos del consentimiento informado comparando las diferentes categorías. Estudios de otros ámbitos de atención sanitaria y geográficos evidencian que las enfermeras poseen mayor conocimiento, aunque la demanda de formación específica en bioética y bioderecho es mayor en las enfermeras participantes en este estudio. Conclusiones: Las enfermeras poseen un adecuado conocimiento sobre el consentimiento informado, lo emplean en la práctica clínica y tienen una apropiada concepción sobre él; en algunos ítems resulta más elevado en las enfermeras especialistas por vía EIR y en las residentes.(AU)
Objective: To know the knowledge, implementation and opinion on informed consent of generalist nurses, specialists and primary care residents. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study using an online self-administered ad hoc questionnaire. Setting: Primary care nurses in Madrid, from November 2020 to March 2021. Participants: Sample of 114 nurses: 91 generalist, 20 specialists and 3 residents. Main measurements: Sociodemographics, knowledge, implementation and opinion. Results: The response rate was 27.7%. As a general rule, 48.2% indicated that informed consent was collected verbally, as established by law, with differences being found between categories, this percentage being higher in specialists and residents (P=0.004), and within specialists in those who had obtained their speciality by internal resident nurse (IRN) (P<0.0001). In addition, specialists and residents were those who most identified the legal norm regulating informed consent (P<0.0001). In terms of implementation and opinion, all groups obtained similar results. Discussion: There are no previous studies that have analysed these aspects of informed consent comparing the different categories. Studies from other healthcare and geographical areas show that nurses have greater knowledge, although the demand for specific training in bioethics and biolaw is greater in the nurses participating in this study. Conclusions: Nurses have adequate knowledge about informed consent, use it in clinical practice and have an appropriate conception of it, being higher in some items in specialist nurses IRN and in residents.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Bioethics , Informed Consent , Nurse's Role , Nurse Specialists , Nurses , Health Law , Primary Health Care , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To know the knowledge, implementation and opinion on informed consent of generalist nurses, specialists and primary care residents. DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study using an online self-administered 'ad hoc' questionnaire. SETTING: Primary care nurses in Madrid, from November 2020 to March 2021. PARTICIPANTS: Sample of 114 nurses: 91 generalist, 20 specialists and 3 residents. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Sociodemographics, knowledge, implementation and opinion. RESULTS: The response rate was 27.7%. As a general rule, 48.2% indicated that informed consent was collected verbally, as established by law, with differences being found between categories, this percentage being higher in specialists and residents (P=0.004), and within specialists in those who had obtained their speciality by internal resident nurse (IRN) (P<0.0001). In addition, specialists and residents were those who most identified the legal norm regulating informed consent (P<0.0001). In terms of implementation and opinion, all groups obtained similar results. DISCUSSION: There are no previous studies that have analysed these aspects of informed consent comparing the different categories. Studies from other healthcare and geographical areas show that nurses have greater knowledge, although the demand for specific training in bioethics and biolaw is greater in the nurses participating in this study. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses have adequate knowledge about informed consent, use it in clinical practice and have an appropriate conception of it, being higher in some items in specialist nurses IRN and in residents.
Subject(s)
Informed Consent , Primary Health Care , Humans , Pilot Projects , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Studies about SARS-CoV-2 transmission at school settings have been outbreaks or schools clusters. There are scarce population-based studies has been studied. We aimed at describing SARS-CoV-2 school-related transmission and its relationship with baseline community cumulative incidence rate in the Basque Country after school reopening in order to inform Public Health decision-making. METHODS: We conducted a scholar surveillance population-based study of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from 7 September to 31 October 2020. We calculated percentages of cases in school-age population, secondary attack rates by education level among close contacts and correlation between population´s and scholars´ incidence rates at municipal level. RESULTS: There were 35,477 SARS-CoV-2 laboratory confirmed cases. Among them, 7.65% happened at school settings. Secondary attack rate at schools ranged from 2.9%, in preschools to 7.1% in high schools; Scholars caused a household and social secondary attack rate from 13% (high scholars) to 23.2% (elementary scholars). We found a low correlation between population´s and scholars´ incidence rates at municipal level (R2=0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Secondary attack rate at school settings increased as educational level did; conversely, to social and family secondary attack rate, that decreased with higher educational level. School attendance, during a SARS-CoV-2 high transmission period showed feasible and did not rise transmission. These findings happened under strict non-pharmaceutical measures at school settings and proper epidemiological surveillance, including tracing of laboratory confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 looking for close contacts, isolation and testing of close contacts during isolation period. The different degree of transmission of the circulating variants in the different periods of the pandemic must also be taken into account.
OBJETIVO: La transmisión del SARS-CoV-2 en escolares se ha estudiado en brotes o en conjuntos de escuelas y apenas hay estudios poblacionales. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la transmisión de SARS-CoV-2 relacionada con el ámbito escolar y su relación con la incidencia acumulada comunitaria en Euskadi tras la reapertura de las escuelas para contribuir a la toma de decisiones en salud pública. METODOS: Se trató de un estudio poblacional, basado en el sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica, que analizó la transmisión de SARS-CoV-2 en el ámbito escolar tras la reapertura escolar el 7 de septiembre de 2020 hasta el 31 octubre de 2020. Se calcularon porcentajes de casos en población escolar, tasas de ataque secundaria por nivel educativo entre contactos estrechos, así como la correlación entre tasas de incidencia acumulada municipal y tasa en escolares. RESULTADOS: Se diagnosticaron 35.477 casos confirmados de SARS-CoV-2. Entre ellos el 7,65% sucedieron en el ámbito escolar. La tasa de ataque secundaria en dicho ámbito osciló entre un 2,9%, en educación infantil y un 7,1% en bachiller; los alumnos causaron, en el ámbito familiar y social, tasas de ataque secundarias de entre un 13% (bachiller) y un 23,2% (educación primaria). Encontramos una baja correlación entre las tasas de incidencia acumulada a nivel municipal y la de los escolares (R2=0,047). CONCLUSIONES: La tasa de ataque secundaria en ámbito escolar aumentó según el grado escolar, al contrario que la del ámbito social y familiar que disminuyó. La educación presencial no condujo a un incremento de la transmisión de SARS-CoV-2. Estos hallazgos sucedieron bajo estrictas medidas no farmacológicas en el ámbito escolar y una vigilancia epidemiológica adecuada que incluyó la búsqueda de contactos estrechos de casos de SARS-CoV-2 confirmados por laboratorio, así como el aislamiento y testeo de los contactos estrechos durante el periodo de aislamiento. Ha de tenerse en cuenta también, el diferente grado de transmisión de las variantes circulantes en los diferentes periodos de la pandemia.
